ํƒœ๊ทธ ๋ณด๊ด€๋ฌผ: MSTP

[Switch] MSTP

Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol

๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ํ•™์Šตํ•œ STP์™€ RSTP๋Š” VLAN ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋‹น 1๊ฐœ์˜ ์ŠคํŒจ๋‹ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋™์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. VLAN์ด 200๊ฐœ๋ผ๋ฉด, 200๊ฐœ์˜ ์ŠคํŒจ๋‹ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ด์ž 2์ดˆ๋งˆ๋‹ค 200๊ฐœ์˜ BPDU๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ด๋‹ค.
์™ ์ง€ Switch์— ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ ์‹ถ๋‹ค..

๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‚˜์˜จ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ,,
์ด๋ฆ„ํ•˜์—ฌ MSTP๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ VLAN์„ ๋ฌถ์–ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ŠคํŒจํŒ… ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ ๋™์ž‘๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
VLAN ๋ฌถ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌถ์ธ VLAN์„ ์…€ ๋•Œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋‹จ์œ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊ฑฐ๊ณ , ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ Switch ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šธ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ ๋ง์ด๋‹ค.

  1. MSTP ๋‹จ์œ„
  2. CIST์™€ MSTI
  3. MSTP ๋™์ž‘๊ณผ์ •
  4. MSTP์˜ BPDU
  5. MSTP ์„ค์ •

1. MSTP ๋‹จ์œ„

VLAN ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ฌถ์œผ๋ฉด, Instance
Instance ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ฌถ์œผ๋ฉด, Region

Instance ๋‹น 1๊ฐœ์˜ ์ŠคํŒจ๋‹ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋™์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ, ๋™์ผ VLAN ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ์ผ์ง€๋ผ๋„ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ Instance์— ์†ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.


2. CIST์™€ MSTI

MSTP์—๋Š” 2๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ŠคํŒจ๋‹ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.

CIST

Common and Internal Spanning Tree

์ „์ฒด Switch ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฃจํ”„์—†์ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
์ „์ฒด Switch ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ํ†ต์‹  ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.
CIST Root Switch – 1๊ฐœ
CIST Regional Root Switch – Region๋ณ„ 1๊ฐœ

MSTI

Multiple Spanning Tree Instance

Region์˜ ๊ฐ Instance ํ†ต์‹  ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Root Switch – MST Instance๋ณ„ 1๊ฐœ


3. MSTP ๋™์ž‘๊ณผ์ •

CIST ์ŠคํŒจ๋‹ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ๊ณผ์ •

  1. ๊ฐ Switch๋Š” ํŠน์ • VLAN ID๋ฅผ ํŠน์ • MSTI์— ํ• ๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ‘MST Configuration ID’๋ฅผ ๊ด‘๊ณ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
  2. Bridge ID์™€ Path Cost๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด CIST๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค.
    โ‘  ์ „์ฒด LAN์—์„œ ‘CIST Root Switch’ 1๊ฐœ ์„ ํƒ
    โ‘ก ๊ฐ Switch์™€ LAN์—์„œ CIST Root๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ๊ฐ’ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์„ ํƒ
    ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ฐ Region ๋ณ„๋กœ CIST Root๊นŒ์ง€ ์ตœ์†Œ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” Switch๊ฐ€ ‘CIST Regional Root Switch’๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค.

CIST์˜ ํฌํŠธ ์—ญํ• 
CIST Root Port: CIST Regional Root Switch๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด CIST Root Switch๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํฌํŠธ
CIST Designated Port: ์ ‘์†๋œ LAN์—์„œ CIST Root Switch๊นŒ์ง€ ์ตœ์ € ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํฌํŠธ
CIST Alternate Port / Backup Port: ํƒ€ Switch / ํฌํŠธ ๋˜๋Š” LAN์— ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํฌํŠธ

CIST์˜ ํŠน์ง•
๋ชจ๋“  Switch๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•œ๋‹ค.
(=๊ฐ Region์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•œ๋‹ค.)
์˜์—ญ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์˜์—ญ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ณด๋‹ค ์šฐ์„ ๋œ๋‹ค.

MSTI ์ŠคํŒจ๋‹ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ๊ณผ์ •

  1. ๊ฐ Region์—์„œ MSTI Root Switch 1๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•œ๋‹ค.
  2. ๊ฐ Switch์—์„œ MSTI Root๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ตœ์ € ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ’์„ ์„ ํƒํ•œ๋‹ค.

MSTI์˜ ํฌํŠธ ์—ญํ• 
MSTI Root Port: MSTI Root Switch๊นŒ์ง€ ์ตœ์†Œ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํฌํŠธ
MSTI Designated Port: ์ ‘์†๋œ LAN์—์„œ MSTI Root Switch๊นŒ์ง€ ์ตœ์ € ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํฌํŠธ
MSTI Master Port: Region ์™ธ๋ถ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” CIST Root Switch์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ํฌํŠธ
MSTI Alternate Port / Backup Port: ํƒ€ Switch/ํฌํŠธ ๋˜๋Š” LAN์— ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํฌํŠธ


4. MSTI BPDU

์ถœ์ฒ˜: MSTP protocol frames, https://techhub.hpe.com/eginfolib/networking/docs/switches/10500/cg/5200-1896_l2-lan_cg/content/470790451.htm

MSTP BPDU์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
Protocol Version ID๋Š” 3, BPDU Type์€ 2์ด๋‹ค.
Flags (CIST Flag): RSTP์˜ Flag์™€ ๋™์ผํ•œ Flag ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค.
CIST Root ID: ์ „์ฒด Switch ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ Root Switch ID
CIST Path Cost: CIST ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ Root Switch๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ’
Bridge ID:
MSTP์ผ ๋•Œ, CIST Regional Root Switch ID
RSTP/STP์ผ ๋•Œ, Designated Switch ID
MST Configure ID: ๋™์ผ VLAN์— ์†Œ์†๋œ Switch๋“ค๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋Š” VLAN ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ์™€ Instance ๋งคํ•‘ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Selector(1 Byte): ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฐ’ 0
Configuration name(32 Byte): ๊ฐ€๋ณ€
Revision level(2 Byte)
Configuration Digest(16 Byte): MSTP Configuration Table๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ MD5 Signature.
CIST Bridge ID: BPDU๋ฅผ ์ „์†กํ•˜๋Š” Switch์˜ Bridge ID
MSTI Configuration Messages: Region ๋‚ด Instance ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ŠคํŒจ๋‹ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค.


5. MSTP ์„ค์ •

[๊ธฐ๋ณธ MSTP ์„ค์ •]

Switch(config)# spanning-tree mode mst
Switch(config)# spanning-tree mst configuration
Switch(config-mst)# name <name>
Switch(config-mst)# instance <INSTANCE_NUM> vlan <VLAN_NUM>
Switch(config-mst)# instance 1 vlan 101-102 #(์˜ˆ์‹œ)#
Switch(config-mst)# revision 1
Switch(config-mst)# exit

[MSTP ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„ ์„ค์ •]

Switch(config)# spanning-tree mst 0 priority 0
Switch(config)# spanning-tree mst 1 priority 0

1: CIST Root Switch ์„ค์ •
2: Instance 1์˜ Root Switch ์„ค์ •

[MSTP ์„ค์ • ํ™•์ธ]

Switch# show spanning-tree mst 0
Switch# show spanning-tree mst 1(or 2)

1: CIST ์ŠคํŒจ๋‹ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ ๋™์ž‘ ํ™•์ธ
2: MSTI ์ŠคํŒจ๋‹ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ ๋™์ž‘ ํ™•์ธ